import numpy as np # 导入numpy

a = np.zeros((2,2))  # Create an array of all zeros
print(a)

[[0. 0.]
 [0. 0.]]

b = np.ones((1,2))   # Create an array of all ones
print(b)

[[1. 1.]]

c = np.full((2,2), 7) # Create a constant array
print(c)

[[7 7]
 [7 7]]

d = np.eye(2)        # Create a 2x2 identity matrix
print(d)

[[1. 0.]
 [0. 1.]]

e = np.random.random((2,2)) # Create an array filled with random values
print(e)

[[0.66767551 0.81102885]
 [0.78171939 0.05546251]]

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]])
b = a[:2, 1:3]
print(b)

[[2 3]
 [6 7]]

print(a[0, 1])
b[0, 0] = 77    # b[0, 0] is the same piece of data as a[0, 1]
print(a[0, 1])

2
77

# 注意这三种切片方式得到的结果有所不同
row_r1 = a[1, :]    # Rank 1 view of the second row of a  
row_r2 = a[1:2, :]  # Rank 2 view of the second row of a
row_r3 = a[[1], :]  # Rank 2 view of the second row of a
print(row_r1, row_r1.shape)
print(row_r2, row_r2.shape)
print(row_r3, row_r3.shape)

[5 6 7 8] (4,)
[[5 6 7 8]] (1, 4)
[[5 6 7 8]] (1, 4)

a = np.array([[1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])

# An example of integer array indexing.
# The returned array will have shape (3,) and 
print(a[[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0]])

# The above example of integer array indexing is equivalent to this:
print(np.array([a[0, 0], a[1, 1], a[2, 0]]))

[1 4 5]
[1 4 5]

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9], [10, 11, 12]])
print(a)
# Create an array of indices
b = np.array([0, 2, 0, 1])
# Select one element from each row of a using the indices in b
print(a[np.arange(4), b])  # Prints "[ 1  6  7 11]"
# Mutate one element from each row of a using the indices in b
a[np.arange(4), b] += 10
print(a)

[[ 1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6]
 [ 7  8  9]
 [10 11 12]]
[ 1  6  7 11]
[[11  2  3]
 [ 4  5 16]
 [17  8  9]
 [10 21 12]]

import numpy as np

a = np.array([[1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])

bool_idx = (a > 2)  # Find the elements of a that are bigger than 2;
                    # this returns a numpy array of Booleans of the same
                    # shape as a, where each slot of bool_idx tells
                    # whether that element of a is > 2.

print(bool_idx)

# We use boolean array indexing to construct a rank 1 array
# consisting of the elements of a corresponding to the True values
# of bool_idx
print(a[bool_idx])

# We can do all of the above in a single concise statement:
print(a[a > 2])

[[False False]
 [ True  True]
 [ True  True]]
[3 4 5 6]
[3 4 5 6]

x = np.array([1, 2])  # Let numpy choose the datatype
y = np.array([1.0, 2.0])  # Let numpy choose the datatype
z = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.int64)  # Force a particular datatype

print(x.dtype, y.dtype, z.dtype)

int64 float64 int64

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]], dtype=np.float64)
y = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]], dtype=np.float64)

# Elementwise sum; both produce the array
print(x + y)
print(np.add(x, y))

[[ 6.  8.]
 [10. 12.]]
[[ 6.  8.]
 [10. 12.]]

# Elementwise difference; both produce the array
print(x - y)
print(np.subtract(x, y))

[[-4. -4.]
 [-4. -4.]]
[[-4. -4.]
 [-4. -4.]]

# Elementwise product; both produce the array
print(x * y)
print(np.multiply(x, y))

[[ 5. 12.]
 [21. 32.]]
[[ 5. 12.]
 [21. 32.]]

# Elementwise division; both produce the array
# [[ 0.2         0.33333333]
#  [ 0.42857143  0.5       ]]
print(x / y)
print(np.divide(x, y))

[[0.2        0.33333333]
 [0.42857143 0.5       ]]
[[0.2        0.33333333]
 [0.42857143 0.5       ]]

# Elementwise square root; produces the array
# [[ 1.          1.41421356]
#  [ 1.73205081  2.        ]]
print(np.sqrt(x))

[[1.         1.41421356]
 [1.73205081 2.        ]]

x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
y = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])

v = np.array([9,10])
w = np.array([11, 12])

# Inner product of vectors; both produce 219
print(v.dot(w))
print(np.dot(v, w))

219
219

print(v @ w)

219

# Matrix / vector product; both produce the rank 1 array [29 67]
print(x.dot(v))
print(np.dot(x, v))
print(x @ v)

[29 67]
[29 67]
[29 67]

# We will add the vector v to each row of the matrix x,
# storing the result in the matrix y
x = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9], [10, 11, 12]])
v = np.array([1, 0, 1])
y = np.empty_like(x)   # Create an empty matrix with the same shape as x

# Add the vector v to each row of the matrix x with an explicit loop
for i in range(4):
    y[i, :] = x[i, :] + v

print(y)

[[ 2  2  4]
 [ 5  5  7]
 [ 8  8 10]
 [11 11 13]]

vv = np.tile(v, (4, 1))  # Stack 4 copies of v on top of each other
print(vv)   
y = x + vv  # Add x and vv elementwise
print(y)

[[1 0 1]
 [1 0 1]
 [1 0 1]
 [1 0 1]]
[[ 2  2  4]
 [ 5  5  7]
 [ 8  8 10]
 [11 11 13]]

import numpy as np

# We will add the vector v to each row of the matrix x,
# storing the result in the matrix y
x = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9], [10, 11, 12]])
v = np.array([1, 0, 1])
y = x + v  # Add v to each row of x using broadcasting
print(y)

[[ 2  2  4]
 [ 5  5  7]
 [ 8  8 10]
 [11 11 13]]

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Compute the x and y coordinates for points on a sine curve
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)

# Plot the points using matplotlib
plt.plot(x, y)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x16d23c18550>]

y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)

# Plot the points using matplotlib
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.xlabel('x axis label')
plt.ylabel('y axis label')
plt.title('Sine and Cosine')
plt.legend(['Sine', 'Cosine'])

<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x16d23c12cf0>

# Compute the x and y coordinates for points on sine and cosine curves
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)

# Set up a subplot grid that has height 2 and width 1,
# and set the first such subplot as active.
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)

# Make the first plot
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')

# Set the second subplot as active, and make the second plot.
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')

# Show the figure.
plt.show()

Arrays¶

一些创建arrays的方式¶

Arrays的索引访问与切片¶

Arrays的数据类型¶

numpy中的数学运算¶

广播机制¶

Matplotlib¶